Puebla Tehuacán

Geographic Location

1.- Location  2.- Area  3.- Climate
4.- Flora  5.- Fauna  6.- Hydrography  7.- Physiography

1.- Location
Tehuacán is located in the southeastern part of the state of Puebla, bordering to the north with Tepanco Lopez, Santiago Miahuatlan, Nicolás Bravo, and Vicente Guerrero, on the east by Vicente Guerrero, San Antonio Creek and Ajalpan, to the south San Gabriel Chilac, Zapotitlan and Altepexi and on the west by Zapotitlan, St. Maarten Atexcal, Juan N. Mendez and Tepanco Lopez.

2.- Area
Tehuacán, represents 1.15% of the area of the state of Puebla, covering an area of approximately 390.36 km2.

3.- Climate
Most of the municipality of Tehuacan (31.61% of its total area) has a semidry, mid warm climate (BS1h), the area has a rain shadow effect that is formed by the mountains of Zongolica, located between the Valley and the Gulf Mexico. The city of Tehuacan has semidry, arid weather with an annual average temperature of 18.6 ° C in winter and a fresh annual rainfall of 479.5 mm.
It is worth mentioning that the low rainfall in the valley has led to very rich soil, because through the pass a minimal amount of water does not cause the loss of much mineral material. Because of this the quantities of bases such as calcium, magnesium and potassium, are considerable.
The percentage of winter rains over the total annually is less than 5%. The prevailing winds follow directions east and southeast, with a speed of between 6 and 11 kilometers per hour for the former and from 13 to 26 km for the latter, especially during the months of February and March. There are 6 to 8 dry months during the year, with minimal freezing occurring in the Tehuacan Valley during the months of November to February when some frost then presents itself. During April and May hailstorms occur, few of which are of considerable size.
In the community of Santa Catarina Otzolotepec and its vicinity (27.32% of the municipal area) the climate is temperate and humid with summer rainfall in the low humidity range. The rest of Tehuacan has a dry to semidry climate, a semi warm temperature with rain in the summer and high humidity.

4.- Flora
The floristic province called Tehuacán - Cuicatlán is located in the southeastern part of the State of Puebla and northeast of the state of Oaxaca, part of the region of the Xerofítica Mexicans. The Valley of Tehuacán - Cuicatlán, despite being located in two states and being very long, is a single unit of great Biogeographic global relevance. Mainly due to the wide range of species of wild fauna and flora representative of the national biodiversity, including some in the categories of threatened and endangered species.
According to the decree which states Tehuacán - Cuicatlán as a Biosphere Reserve (1998) over 3.000 plants and animals exist in this area, which highlights the cacti. Notable columnar cacti forests such as the Cactus (Pachycereus sp. , Mitrocereus sp.) , Sotolín or foot elephant (Beurcanea gracilis), scrub with izotes (Yucca periculosa) lechuguillas (Hechtia podantha) cuajilotes (Bursera arid), thorny scrub with nopales (Opuntia sp.) , biznagas (Ferocactus sp. , Mammillaria sp.) , garambullos (Myrtillocactus sp.) , mezquites (Prosopis sp.) , aloe (Agave sp.) , mother-in-law seat (Echinocactus platyacanthus) and forests pino-encino (Pinus sp. , Quercussp).

5.- Fauna
The fauna of Tehuacan is known in less than flora, but we can say that consists of species such as ants, termites, snakes, iguanas black, green iguanas, lizards, rabbits, squirrels, hares field and small birds such as woodpeckers, quails chichicuilotes, doves, owls, sparrows Mexicans, hummingbirds, zopilotes, swallows and hawks.
Among the vertebrates may be included a wide variety of amphibians and reptiles, bats and birds.

6.- Hydrography
99.56% of the municipal area of Tehuacan is located within the Regional Water supply of Papaloapan, within the watershed of the same name that converges with different arms of the Rio Blanco. The remaining 0.44% is in the Regional Water Basins called the Sub Atoyac. The surface currents dump into the municipality from the Sierras of Zongolica, Zapotitlan and the northern municipality. The river The Huertilla joins the channel Tehuacan and together they form the river of the same name, this tributary downstream becomes one of the leading trainers of the Papaloapan.
The Rio Papaloapan originates in the Sierra Madre mountains of Oaxaca and the Knot Mixteco. In the territory Poblano, the basin of this river took the southeast portion, specifically the Sierra de Zongolica receives numerous streams that bathe the east and northeast, towards the Tehuacan Valley where the beginning of the HIDRAULIC CORREDOR of TEHUACAN forms among the hills of the Sierra Negra and the NORTH-EAST St. Lawrence Teotipilco south.
It is worth mentioning that in the municipality of Tehuacan there are several mineral springs which include The Irrigation, which is operated by the bottling of the same name, San Lorenzo, Garci-Crespo also used by the bottling of the same name, Santa Cruz, La Granja, San Miguelito, among others.

7.- Physiography
The town is within two physiographic provinces: the Axis Neovolcanic (composed of valleys and plains) and the Sierra Madre del Sur (mole forms of mountains and valleys). In the eastern the mole is formed reaching altitudes of up to 2.950 meters above sea level and shows a steady decline toward the southeast to stabilize at an average altitude of 1.600 meters. Later it begins to climb in the vicinity of the Sierra Zapotitlan reaching heights of 2.750 meters.